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LitNet is n onafhanklike joernaal op die Internet, en word as gesamentlike onderneming deur Ligitprops 3042 BK en Media24 bedryf. |
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Die Donker Kant van die Maan
The Dark Side of the Moon
Koos Kombuis, author/skrywer, Raka – die Roman
‘n Praatjie gelewer by die onlangse Publishers’ Choice-byeenkoms in The Singing Fig, Norwood.
I’d like to deliver this address in both English and Afrikaans. Hoewel ek sterk glo in die handhawing van Afrikaans, is dit vir my net so belangrik om verstaan te word deur ander Suid-Afrikaners en ook deur die res van die wêreld. Language is not something which exists for its own sake; it is a communication tool. TAAL is ‘n TOOL. Hoe meer tools jy het, hoe beter. Ek sou ook graag Xhosa of Sotho wou insluit in my algemene taal- of tool-skat, en ek blameer die vorige regering dat hulle nie destyds al minstens een swart taal verpligtend gemaak het in skole nie.
Die vorige regering was baie boos. The National Party was an extremely unpleasant bunch of people. Yet we voted them into power in 1948. In order to understand why or how this could have happened, it is important to study the literature of the time. It is important to understand someone like NP van Wyk Louw’s youthful enthusiasm about the German Nazis.
Indeed, this guy – NP van Wyk Louw – was the most influential Afrikaans writer of the first half of the twentieth century. I have written my new book – Raka, die Roman – as a modern-day response to his work.
There is indeed no shortage of modern parallels to the disaster of 1948. Met ander woorde: die huidige regering is miskien nie so boos soos die Nasionale Party nie, maar hulle is net so korrup en in baie opsigte minder effektief. Moreover, we are living in an era of worldwide impending doom and chaos, just as NP van Wyk Louw lived in an era of impending doom and chaos. Mens kan weliswaar sê dat ons jongmense vandag met meer probleme moet cope as die jongmense van sy generasie. Toe was daar die Tweede Wêreldoorlog en die Depressie, fair enough; maar vandag sit ons met die moontlikheid van nie slegs siviele terreur en selfs nog ‘n atoombom-oorlog nie, ons moet ook cope met die rebellie van die natuur en die moontlike vernietiging van volhoubare ontwikkeling op die planeet as geheel as gevolg van aardverwarming, Vigs en ander nuwe siektes, rampe en oorbevolking. If Generation X is not the last generation on earth, Generation Y or Z may very well be the swansong of the human race.
The terrors facing humanity in these times seem, in context, to trivialise the sins of the old National Party as well as the inadequacies of the ANC government. Compared with the possibility of total extinction, even Adolf Hitler shrinks in stature.
NP van Wyk Louw se lewenswerk en sy intellektuele ontwikkeling was baie ongelyk en soms selfs aanvegbaar – hy was, soos ek flussies genoem het, byvoorbeeld vir ‘n kort rukkie in sy jeug ‘n Hitler-ondersteuner – maar hy het minstens een werk geskryf wat altyd die toets van die tyd sal deurstaan. Dit is die meesterstuk Raka. Hoe jy Raka ook al interpreteer, en selfs as sommige van daardie interpretasies vreeslik polities inkorrek klink in vandag se klimaat, staan dit soos ‘n paal bo water dat hierdie enkele werk een van die bestes is wat ooit in Afrikaans of enige taal gepubliseer is. Aesthetically, grammatically, symbolically, and dramatically, Raka is a work of perfection. What a pity that it’s virtually impossible to translate.
Maar waaroor gaan Raka werklik? What is Raka about?
Raka, the main character of this lengthy epic poem by Van Wyk Louw, is the kind of creature which, if it existed in real life, would have been captured long ago by David Attenborough and put in a British Zoo. Raka is ‘n monster, a swamp thing, an Incredible Hulk. Hy is dit wat Freud en Jung se geslag sielkundiges by verkillende name noem: die menslike Skaduwee, die Id, die donker kant. Kollektief is hy die donker kant van die moderne en sogenaamd beskaafde samelewing. Hoewel ons as mensdom vandag die toppunt van tegnologiese vooruitgang bereik het, word ons steeds deur selfvernietiging bedreig juis omdat ons nog nie daarin kon slaag om ons Rakas te tem nie. At this point in history, mankind has split the atom, invented the internet and placed satellites in orbit around planets and heavenly bodies. We have even penetrated space and time to the point where we know what is happening at the fringes of the universe and what occurred almost at the very beginning of history. Yet, psychologically, we are still fighting tribal wars, we are contesting territories like wild animals. Because of this total inadequacy, we face total annihilation.
What beast slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? It is the beast NP van Wyk Louw described in his poem. It is not the Devil or the Antichrist. Dit is Raka. And who is Raka really? It is not the blacks per se. Nor is it the Moslems per se. Nor is it the punks or the rock ‘n roll musicians or the academics or the neo-Nazis or the Afrikaners or the Jews or the French or the Eskimos. Dit is ons. Dit is ek. Dit is die ongekarteerde landskap van die menslike psige. Dit is die donker kant van die maan. Dit is ‘n metafoor – een van die kragtigste metafore in wêreldletterkunde. En dit is ontdek deur ‘n Boer.
Vir hierdie wonderbaarlike ontdekking – ‘n ontdekking wat eintlik sy tyd vooruit was, nie net in terme van wêreld-denke nie, maar ook in terme van Afrikanergroei, ‘n ontdekking waarna wel ook reeds gestreef is deur Eugène Marais in sy teoretisering oor miere en ape, ‘n mite wat selfs reeds ook deur ander vroeë Afrikaanse digters en denkers gedeeltelik herken is – moes NP van Wyk Louw eintlik die Nobelprys ontvang het. Indien nie vir letterkunde nie, dan vir natuurwetenskap of selfs vir vrede. Want die bestaan van Raka is iets wat vandag bewys kan word. En al die pogings deur aktiviste en politici om wêreldvrede te bewerkstellig is gedoem tot mislukking tot tyd en wyl ons besluit het wat ons met Raka, die ondier, gaan doen.
Om eerlik te wees, dink ek nie dat my eie roman, Raka – die roman, werklik ooit so sterk sal staan in die letterkunde as NP van Wyk Louw se werk nie. My eie Raka was ‘n moeilike en vreesaanjaende boek om te skryf, en ek het dikwels tydens die skryfproses die gevoel gekry dat ek ‘n projek aangepak het wat bo my vermoëns is. Nog nooit is ek so dikwels uitgehelp deur my editors as met Raka – die roman nie. (Ek noem veral Suzette Kotze-Myburgh en Alida Potgieter, en tot ‘n mate Kerneels Breytenbach self.) Op ‘n stadium het die manuskrip my so uitgefreak dat ek weggeloop het van die huis en vir 24 uur spoorloos verdwyn het.
Was al hierdie traumas die moeite werd? Ek weet nie. En ek gee ook nie werklik om nie. Om Lady MacBeth aan te haal: “The deed is done.” Ten spyte van minstens twee klein kontinuïteitsflaters in die eerste druk.
Vir die kritici wat my moontlik gaan kruisig, wil ek darem herinner dat daar ook versagtende omstandighede is. It is important to try and remember – and this I am saying in advance to all you book reviewers and clever people out there who are getting ready to crucify me as, at worst, a plagiarist or, at best, a cheap penny-horrible Gothic copywriter – that I did not actually write my own Raka in competition with Van Wyk Louw’s Raka. I merely tried to update some of his ideas and translate them into a modern idiom. Whereas the first Raka was a complex poem, my Raka is written in straightforward prose. The events of the plot of the first Raka took place somewhere in the African jungle; in my Raka all the characters live in suburbia. The first Raka was riddled with supernatural events; in my Raka, though I hint at the supernatural, everything remains deadpan, almost boringly normal, right to the end.
Yet the central theory is the same. NP van Wyk Louw tried to warn his readers of the possibility of psychological self-destruction; so do I. En is daar werklik so ‘n groot verskil tussen die reëls van die oerwoud en die reëls van suburbia? If it’s a jungle out there, it’s also a jungle in here; and by “in here” I mean not just in suburbia, but in the human heart.
Why do we have this dilemma? Why do our best intentions so often end in chaos? Why does free enterprise turn to greed? Why does democracy become mob rule? And why are intelligent inventions subverted to serve the cause of war? Either evolution has flopped, or it is not yet complete. That, however, is a field of study best left to experts like Philip Tobias. My werk as skrywer is slegs om die gebroke werklikheid te boekstaaf met die tale of tools tot my beskikking.
Raka is nie dood nie. Al tem ons die oerwoud daar buite, leef die oerwoud nog binne-in ons. Ons is almal barbare in ons hart.
Baie dankie. Thank you. Hamba kakuhle.
Klik en koop die boek nou!
Titel: Raka - die roman
Outeur: Koos Kombuis
Uitgewer: Human & Rousseau
ISBN: 0798145897
Datum van publikasie: 2005
Prys: R125.00
LitNet: 07 November 2005
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