Isifundo somgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi nokucetywa kwawo kulawulo lweenqila lwasenTshona Koloni

Njengesiphumo sokucinga ngendleko nokunokusebenziseka, kusetyenziswa isiNgesi kulo lonke unxibelelwano nakumaxwebhu. Amalungu eKhansile angathetha isiNgesi okanye isiBhulu kiintlanganisoo zekhansile. Amaxwebhu kufuneka akhutshwe ngolwimi ebebhalwe ngalo kwakuqala.

Kwimizuzu ne-ajenda kusetyenziswa isiBhulu. Naliphi na ilungu lekhansile linganxibelelana ngesiBhulu, isiXhosa nesiNgesi.

Kusetyenziswa isiNgesi kwi-ajenda nemizuzu zize izihlomelo zigcinwe ngolwimi ebezibhalwe ngalo. Ukuba sisiBhulu okanye isiXhosa ziguqulelwa esiNgesini.

Ngo1998 umasipala wagqiba ukunika amalungu ekhansile ithuba lokuzikhethela ulwimi abathanda ukulusebenzisa kwiintlanganiso zekhansile ngokunika inkonzo yokutolika. Ngoku kusetyenziswa kakhulu isiBhulu kunxibelelwano olubhaliweyo, kodwa ekuthetheni ulwimi olukhethwa sisithethi luyasetyenziswa.

Kusetyenziswa isiNgesi njengolwimi lonxibelelwano lwequmrhu. Abasebenzi bangacela ukuba ukuba imiyalezo iguqulelwe esiXhosaeni okanye esiBhulwini. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwexesha nemali, unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo luba ngesiNgesi kuphela ukuphepha ithuba elithathwayo xa kuguqulelwa. Amaxwebhu e-ajenda athunyelwa kubasebenzi athunyelwa ngesiNgesi. Ngamanye amaxesha abangesiBhulu, isiNgesi nesiXhosa.

5.2 Izigqibo ezingemicimbi yolwimi

Ngokufumanisa kwiimpendulo, kuqapheleka ukuba i-ajenda nemizuzu yeentlanganiso zekhansile zibhalwa ngesiNgesi okanye ngesiBhulu. Ukuba zingesiBhulu, kungenxa yokuba amalungu amaninzi ekhansile athetha isiBhulu. Ukuba zingesiNgesi, kungenxa yokuba onke amalungu ekhansile ayakwazi ukufunda nokuqonda isiNgesi. Umasipala waseHermanus uqikelela ukuba kungabatya iizigidi ezingamaR1, 5 ngonyaka ukwenza ukuba I-ajenda nemizuzu zifumaneke ngazo zonke iilwimi ezintathu zaseburhulumenteni.

Umasipala waseAshton, kuphela koMasipala ekuxoxwa kuye ngesiBhulu, isiNgesi nesiXhosa kwintlanganiso zekhansile. Umasipala waseOudtshoorn utshintsha-tshintsha ukusetyenziswa kwesiNgesi nesiBhulu kwi-ajenda nemizuzu ngokwenyanga. Umasipala wasePlettenberg Bay waqaphela iingxaki kwileta evela kwiKomiti yeeLwimi. Imicimbi echazwa kule leta isaxoxwa ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezintathu zaseburhulumenteni ngokulinganayo ngumasipala.

IWest Coast Transitional Council ishwankathela izigqibo zayo zomgaqo-nkqubo ithi: “Siziphatha ngentlonelo iilwimi ezintathu zaseburhulumenteni”

5.3 Ukwakhiwa koluntu nendlela okufunyenwe ngayo

• - Ashton: 58% isiBhulu, 40% isiXhosa, 2% isiNgesi;
  
• Beaufort-West: 20 000 abantu bebala, 5 000 abantu abamnyama, 5 000 abantu abamhlophe;
  
• Clanwilliam: IsiBhulu isiNgesi okwangoku;
  
• Citrusdal: 99% isiBhulu, 0,5% isiNgesi 0,5% isiXhosa/isiSotho/isiZulu;
  
• George: 71% isiBhulu, 19% isiXhosa, 8% isiNgesi (Oku kuvela kuStastics South Africa)
  
• Gouritsmond: 98% isiBhulu, 2% isiNgesi;
  
• Groot-Brakrivier: 95% isiBhulu, 5% isiNgesi, ,05% isiXhosa;
  
• Hermanus: 63,1% isiBhulu, 21,2% isiXhosa, 13,8% isiNgesi, olunye 1,9%;
  
• Knysna: 60% isiBhulu, 20% isiXhosa, 20% isiNgesi;
  
• Klawer: 98% isiBhulu, 1% isiXhosa, 1% isiNgesi (Oku kuvela kwiStatistics South Africa)
  
• Leeu-Gamka: 99% isiBhulu (Kufunyenwe ezikliniki nakumaqela oluntu);
  
• Malmesbury: 90% isiBhulu, 6% isiNgesi, 4% isiXhosa; kukhethwa kakhulu isiBhulu xa kusekwa udidi b koomasipala;
  
• Oostenberg: isiBhulu 73,1%, isiNgesi 15,4%, isiXhosa 9,8% (iinkcukacha zikwiOosternberg Devopment profile nequlunqwe liLawulo loPhuhliso noCwangciso lweZoqoqosho esekelwe kubalo kubalo luka1996;
  
• Bloekombos/Wallacedenee 70,2% isiXhosa;
  
• Oudtshoorn: 85% isiBhulu, 10% isiXhosa, 5% isiXhosa;
  
• Stanford: 60% isiBhulu, 20% isiNgesi, 20% isiXhosa;
  
• Swellendam: 65% isiBhulu, 35% isiNgesi imizi engama80 yabantu abathetha isiXhosa
  
• Wellington: isiBhulu 90%.

5.4 Ukusetyenziswa kwentetho nokubhalwa kolwimi kunxibelelwano lwangaphakathi

Unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi lubangesiBhulu kakhulu kuba uninzi lwamalungu ekhansile luthetha isiBhulu, okanye isiNgesi kuba siyasebenziseka nokuphepha iindleko umzekelo eBlaauwberg, eHelderberg nakwiSixeko saseTygerberg. Umzekelo, eHermanus igqugula leANC lacela ukubai I-ajenda iqulunqwe ngesiNgesi nokuba iingxoxo zesiBhulu ziguqulelwe esiNgesini. Ileta yabo yeendaba yangaphakathi namaphepha okwazisa ashicilelwa ngeelwimi ezintathu zaseburhulumenteni.

KwiCape Metropolitan Council nomasipala waseAshton, unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi lungesiBhulu, isiNgesi nesiXhosa, kuxhomekeka kulwimi olukhethwa ngabasebenzi namalungu ekhansile. KuMasipala waseVlliersdorp unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle lungesiBhulu nesiXhosa.

5.5 Ukusetyenziswa kwentetho nokubhalwa kolwimi kunxibelelwano lwangaphandle

Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezintathu zaseburhulumenteni kwanda kunxibelelwano lwangaphandle noluntu. Amaphephandaba amasebe, izaziso, izimemo, izimemo zokwenzela umasipala umsebenzi, iifomu nezinye zivela ngesiBhulu, isiXhosa nesiNgesi. Iinzame zokukhonza uluntu ngeelwimi oluzikhethayo ziyenziwa ngeetoliki nabaguquleli. Kungumthetho ukuba imbalelwano iphendulwe ngolwimi ebifunyanwe ngalo.

5.6 Ukufumana iinkonzo zikamasipala ngokulinganayo ngokususa imiqobo yolwimi

Uninzi loomasipala lufumana imiqobo ekunikeni uluntu iinkonzo ezinobuhlobo. KuMasipala waseOostenberg imibuzo yefowuni iphendulwa ngeelwimi ezintathu zaseburhulumenteni. Umasipala waseStanford wagqiba ekuqesheni umamkeli-mali okwazi ukuthetha isiBhulu, isiXhosa nesiNgesi ukwenzela anike abantu iinkonzo ngolwimi abalukhethayo. IWest Coast Transitional Council yenza amalungiselelo okuba zontathu iilwimi zaseburhulumenteni zithethwe xa kudityanwa ukwenzela ukuba kususwe imiqobo enokwenza nolwimi.

5.7 Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kwipleyiti ezichaza amagama nakwiibhodi ezalatha indlela.

Iipleyiti ezibonisa amagama neebhodi ezalatha indlela zivela kakhulu ngesiNgesi nesiBhulu. Akukho nkcazo yokuba iipleyiti ezichaza amagama okanye iibhodi ezalatha indlela zibhalwe ngolwimi olunye, nangona uMasipala waseVelddrift ekhetha ukufaka iipleyiti ezichaza amagama neebhodi ezalatha indlela ngesiBhulu okanye ngesiNgesi.

KuMasipala waseAshton naseStanford kuvela isiBhulu, isiXhosa nesiNgesi kwiipleyiti ezichaza amagama. IBhodi eyamkela abantu eKlawer ingesiBhulu, isiXhosa nesiNgesi . NgokweCape Metropolitan Council naziphi na iibhodi zokwazisa neempawu ecaleni kwendlela zingazo zontathu iilwimi zaseburhulumenteni.

5.8 Ukusetyenziswa koovimba bolwimi njengeetoliki nabaguquleli

Ngenxa yesiphumo seenzame zokuphatha ukwahluka kweelwimi koomasipala nokunxibelelana kakuhle, oomasipala abaninzi basebenzisa iitoliki nabaguquleli, kodwa oku kungenziwa ngobuchule obufanelekileyo. Yahluka ukusuka kusozilwimi okwinkonzo kamasipala njengakumasipala waseVilliersdorp, iinkonzo zokuguqulela, abaguquleli abazisebenzelayo, nabasebenza ngaphandle kwentlawulo abasuka kuluntu ukuya kubasebenzi.

Amaxesha amaninzi, abasebenzi bakamasipala njengoonogada nonoobhala bayatolika okanye batolike emva kwentetho. Ngamanye amagama, iinkonzo zotoliko azisetyenziswa ngamaxesha amaninzi, ngaphandle kwamathuba awohlukileyo njengalawo eCape Metropoliitan Council.

Kuyabonakala ukuba indleko yeyona ngxaki. Umzekelo, ukwenza ummiselo omnye ngesiBhulu, isiXhosa nesiNgesi kudla amaR6000. Ukuqesha ubuxhakaxhaka namabhelempe kulungiselelwa utoliko kudla kangangamaR5300 ngenyanga. NgokweCMC ukuqasha itoliki kwintlanganiso nganye kudla kangangamaR800, kuze ukuqesha itoliki eshwankathela emva kwentetho kudle amaR165 ngeyure.

5.9, 5.10, 5.11 Izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo ngophuhliso lwesiXhosa, iilwimi zesiKhoi noLwimi lokuthetha ngezandla

Akukho zigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo esele zenziwe ngalo mba. Ngokuqaphela iimpendulo kubonakala ukuba akukho mfuneko yoku.

5.12 Iinzame ezenziweyo ukwazisa amacandelo oshishino noluntu ngentetho yeelwimi ezintathu

Iinzame ezimbalwa ziyenziwa ukwazisa icandelo loshishino neloluntu ngentetho yeelwimi ezintathu. UMasipala waseClanwilliam uza kwazisa ngoku kwileta yabo yeendaba elandelayo. UMasipala waseDe Doorns ubona ukuba akafuni kunyanzela isiNgesi nesiXhosa kuluntu loshishino oluninzi lwalo luthetha isiBhulu.NgokoMasipala waseHermanus oku kungumsebenzi weChamber of Business ukwazisa icandelo loshishino ngentetho yeelwimi ezintathu.

6 IZIGQIBO NENGCEBISO

6.1 Umgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi obhaliweyo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho masipala eNtshona Koloni oqaphele ukuzenzela umgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi. Apho kukho amaxwebhu omgaqo-nkqubo, kusetyenziswa isiBhulu nesiNgesi njegeelwimi zaseburhulumenteni zokusebenza zikamasipala.

Ke ngoko kuphakanyiswa ukuba, umasipala ngamnye eNtshona Koloni aqulunqe umgaqo-nkqubo wentetho yeelwmi ezintathu onokusebenziseka nongayi kudla mali ininzi. Mawusekelwe kumgaqo-nkqubo wephondo nomgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi oyilwayo waseNtshona Koloni enika abantu ithuba lokusebenzisa iilwimi zabo. Mawusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kolwimi nokukhethwa ngabahlali nabasebenzi bomasipala ngamnye okuqinisekisiweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iya kwahluka ngokoomasipala.

6.2 Ukukhethwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi

Ngaphezu kwama50% oomasipala banamanani abantu avunyiweyo ngokwaseburhulumenteni angobuninzi babantu abathetha ulwimi ngalunye kubahlali babo, kodwa akuzange kwenziwa ubalo lwentetho yolwimi ukuqinisekisa iilwimi ezikhethwa luluntu nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Kukhangeleka ngathi abona bantu baninzi eNtshona Koloni ngabantu abathetha isiBhulu, balandelwe ngabathetha isiNgesi kuze kulandele abathetha isiXhosa. E-Ashton, eGeorge, eHermanus naseOudtshoorn kukho abantu abathetha isiXhosa kunabathetha isiNgesi. EKnysna, eStanford naseMalmelsbery kukho inani elilinganayo labathetha isiXhosa nabathetha isiNgesi.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukukhethwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi kusoloko kusezingqondweni xa kucetywa umgaqo-nkqubo. Ubuninzi boluntu oluthetha ulwimi oluthile kufuneka bubonakaliswe ekukhethweni nasekusetyenzisweni kolwimi yikhansile nomasipala. Ulwimi olusetyenziswa ngumasipala kufuneka lungangqubani nolo lukhethwa ngabahlali.

Kwakugqitywa ubalo lwentetho yeelwimi, makuqulunqwe umgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi kusetyenziswana noluntu. Ubalo lwentetho yolwimi kufuneka luphindaphindwe rhoqo, njengoko umgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi unokutshintshwa. Nokuba uninzi olungenakuphikiswa lwabantu lukhetha ulwimi oluthile, kusekho isizathu sokuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo wentetho yeelwimi ezintathu ngokuba oku kwenzelwe uqingqo-mali.

6.3 Unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle

Unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi olubhaliweyo nolungabhalwanga koomasipala abaninzi alusekelwanga ekusetyenzisweni nakokukhethwa ngabasebenzi namalungu ekhansile. Kolu phando kubonakala ukuba undlela lula uqinisekisa ukuba luluphi ulwimi olukhethelwa unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi. Iingxoxo neengxelo ziba ngesiBhulu okanye ngesiNgesi , ukuba isiXhosa siyasetyenziswa kwiingxoxo, siyatolikwa ngunogada okanye umabhalana, kodwa asitolikwa yitoliki evunyiweyo ngokwaseburhulumenteni. Kungakho ukuvana ngalo mbandela, kodwa ulwimi oluqondwa ngumntu wonke luphela lusetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwangaphakathi.

Kwenziwa amatiletile okunxibelalana noluntu ngokubanzi ngesiBhulu nesiNgesi, amaxesha amanizi ngesiBhulu , isiNgesi nesiXhosa. Kunxibelelwano lwangaphandle, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweelwimi zaseburhulumenteni kuyanda ngokuncomekayo. Ngokungakumbi kwiileta zeendaba nezaziso. Kubo bonke oomasipala iimpendulo zembalelwano ziba ngolwimi ebifunyenwe ngalo.

Imeko yokuphathwa kolwimi koomasipala inobungozi bayo. UStrydom noPretorious bathi ngalo mbandela “Ukwamkelwa kolwimi kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubuntu babo, nokusetyenziswa kolwimi kunxibelelwano nabanye abantu. Xa kunokuthi ezi zinto zichazwe ngentla zingasebenzi, akukho nto kunokuwelw kuyo enokunika isiseko esamkelekileyo nesinokusebenziseka. Umzekelo, naluphi utshintsho olubonakalayo kwinani labantu, kumalungu ekhansile okanye abasebenzi bakamasipala utshintshe kakhulu ubume bolunye ulwimi kunxibelellwano lwangaphandle nolwangaphakathi lukamasipala, oku kusetyenziswa kolwimi ngoku kusisisphumo sovumelwano lopoliitiko, olusenokucinywa ziziganeko zexesha elizayo.”(1999, Strydom, 39).

Imbalwa imiqobo enokwenza nolwimi efunyanisiweyo ekunikweni koluntu iinkonzo. Xa sele kufunyaniswe iimfuno zolwimi nokukhethwayo, kungafunyanisw eminye imiqobo. Ingakumbi koomasipala baseHermanus, Klawer, Oostenberg nowaseStanford abenza amatiletile ukuba kufikelele wonke umntu kwiinkonzo.

Kucetyiswa ukuba iilwimi ezisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle kwesebe, malufunyaniswe ngemvumelwano phakathi kwabasebenzi namalungu ekhansile, kodwa akukho mntu omakathintelwe ekusebenziseni ulwimi alukhethayo. Imiqobo enokwenza nolwimi iya kuqatshelwa kubalo lolwimi kwaye mayisuswe ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela ngokulinganayo komntu wonke kwiinkonzo zikamasipala.

6.4 Iipleyiti zamagama neebhodi ezibonisa indlela

Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi kwiipleyiti zamagama nakwiibhodi ezibonisa indlela zibangesiNgesi nangesiBhulu. Kwakhona ukuhlonitshwa kokwahluka ngokolwimi komasipala abancinci njengabaseAshton naseStanford apho iibhodi ezalatha indlela okanye iipleyiti zamagama zibekwa ngesiBhulu, isiXhosa nesiNgesi. Makugxininiswe ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo weCape Metroplitan Council “kukubeka naziphi izaziso zebhodi ecaleni kwendlela ngeelwimi ezintathu.” Olu phando alubonisi ukusetyenziswa kweebhodi ezalatha indlela ezibhalwe ngolwimi olunye, nangona kubonakala ukuba kwabanye oomasipala abakhulu njengowaseHelderberg nowaseTygerberg.

Ngokwenkqubo yasemthethweni nomgaqo-nkqubo oyilwayo waseNtshona Koloni, kucetyiswa ukuba zonke iipleyiti zamagama kwizakhiwo zikamasipala mazibhalwe ngeelwimi ezintathu.Iibhodi ezalatha indlela mazibhalwe ngeelwimi ezinthathu, kodwa ulwimi olukhethwa luluntu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo.

6.5 Iitoliki nabaguquleli

Kwenziwa amatile-tile okwamkela ukwahluka kweelwimi ngoncedo lweetoliki nabaguquleli. Kodwa akukho mgaqo-nkqubo umisiweyo ngalo mbandela, oku kwenza ukuba kusetyenziswe abantu abangaqeqeshelwanga kuphele kukho umsebenzi unganelisiyo. Apho kwenziwa uguqulelo oluvunyiweyo neenkonzo zokutolika njengakwiCMC, zimbalwa iingxaki ekuhlanganiselwana nazo ngokusetyenziswa kwamagama neenguqulelo notoliko olungalunganga. Ukusetyenziswa koovimba bolwimi njengeetoliki nabaguquleli kufuna imali, kodwa ukuze urhulumente wengingqi asebenze ngendlela eyiyo kubalulekile ukuba iiinkcukacha zidluliswe ngonxibelelwano olululo Ke ngoko uqingqo-mali lonyaka malulungiselele abaguquleli neetoliki, nokuba bafunwa ngaphandle okanye babe yinxalenye yabasebenzi abaqeshiweyo, kwaye izikhokelo zokunika kwabo iinkonzo mazenziwe zisekelwe kumanqanaba awamkeleka apha naphesheya. baya kuthatha inxaxheba kunxibelelwano lwangaphandle nolwangaphakathi.

6.6 Ukuphuhliswa kwesiXhosa, iilwimi zesiKhoi noLwmi lokuthetha ngezandla

Kuyacaphukisa ukufumanisa ukuba akukho malinge okusebenzisa isiXhosa, iilwimi zesiKhoi noLwimi lokuthetha ngezandla. Kubonakala ukuba akukho mfuneko yako. Ubalo lolwimi nomgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi kuya kufuneka ukuba ziqaphele lo mcimbi.

Ngaphezu koku, akukho ntsebenziswano phakathi koomasipala necandelo loshishino ukukhuthaza intetho yeelwimi ezintathu. Kubonakala ukuba oomasipala bakulumkele ukungenelela kwimicimbi yecandelo loshishino. Kunjalo, umgaqo-nkqubo oyilwayo waseNtshona Koloni uchaza ukuba oomasipala mabakhuthaze, baxhase icandelo loshishino ukuba liqulunqe umgaqo-nkqubo walo wolwimi ngokomgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi.

7. Amanqaku okuphetha

Olu phando lukhanyise ukuba akukho lulawulo lwenqila luqulunqe umgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi. Umsebenzi wokuqala oyimfuneko sele wenziwe ukwenzela ukuba oomasipala baqalise ukuquluqa umigaqo-nkqubo yabo emva konyulo lwengingqi. Kuya kufuneka kuqale kwenziwe ubalo lwentetho yeelwimi kumasipala ngamnye ukufumanisa ukusetyenziswa kolwimi nokukhethwa ngabahlali namalungu ekhansile. Umgaqo-nkqubo mawuqulunqwe kusetyenziswana noluntu ngokubanzi.

Ukucaphula ingcebiso kaDu Plessis noSchuring ngentetho yeelwimi ezininzi kwiindawo zemisebenzi, umasipala ngamnye omkhulu anganyula ikomiti yeelwimi okanye aseke iziko lolwimi eliya kujongana nokuhlola, ukuphumeza nokuhlola umgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi. Koomasipala abancinci kungakho umntu omnye oya kujongana nemicimbi yolwimi enze imisebenzi esels ichaziwe. (Du Plessis noSchuring, 42,43)

Intetho yeelwimi ezintathu kufuneka ixhasiwe. Oomasipala kufuneka balungise uqingqo lwabo lwemali njengoko kufuneka. UDu Plessis noSchuring bacebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe u0,1% wengxowa yemivuzo. Ezi ndleko mazingathathwa kubasebenzi, kodwa kodwa zibe yindleko eqhubekayo njengazo zonke iindleko, zibalwe xa kubalwa imali yerhafu. Imali eya kuchithwa kwimicimbi yolwimi iya kuxhomekeka kubukhulu beshishini. (Du Plessis noSchuring, 41,42).

OOVIMBA ABASETYENZISIWEYO

Du Plessis, Dani & Schuring, Gerard. 2000. Veeltaligheid in die werksplek; Ukusetshenziswa kwezilwimi ezahlukene emisebenzini; Multilingualism in the workplace. Pretoria: MWU

Strydom, H A & Pretorius JL. 1999. Umgaqo-nkqubo nesicwangciso solwimi: How do local governments cope with multilingualism? Journal for Juridical Science. 24(2): 24-40

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