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My voice
Phaswane Mpe Phaswane Mpe, 34, is a Doctoral Fellow at the Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research (WISER). He holds an MA in African Literature (1996) from the University of the Witwatersrand, and a Diploma in Advanced Study in Publishing (1997) from Oxford Brookes University, Oxford. Mpe has had stories, poems and academic articles published in books and journals locally and internationally. His debut novel, Welcome to Our Hillbrow (2001), was short-listed for the Sunday Times Fiction Award 2002 and the Sanlam Literary Award for Fiction 2001. He lives in Johannesburg.
"Ka kakaretšo, ka gona go hloka sebaka seo se lekanego, ditshekatsheko tšekhwi gantši ga di re nweše meetse a mokgako. Ka kakaretšo gantši dipuku di fiwa letlakala le tee feela mo kgatišong-bakeng. Morulaganyi goba basekaseki ba dipuku ba ka dira eng ka letlakala le tee? Ka ge ba rata go ngwala ka dipuku tše dintši ka moo ba ka kgonago, barulaganyi ba ikhwetša ba gapeletšega go gatiša ditshekatsheko tša dipuku tše pedi, tše tharo goba tše nne letlakaleng le tee. Ka fase ga mabaka a mabjalo go kgakala gore ga go na sebaka sa go lekola gore puku ye nngwe le ye nngwe e bapetša bjang le tše dingwe tša go bolela ka taba ye tee, goba go sekaseka gore e bapetša bjang le tše dingwe tša go lekola lefapa le tee, goba go nyakolla gore e bapetša bjang le dipuku tše dingwe tša mongwadi yoo."
"Generally, the available space for books in newspapers and magazines is currently so small that it is difficult for them to offer much. Typically, only one page is allocated to books in newspapers and magazines. What can the books editor or those writing on books offer if this is the case? Conscious of the need to publicise and promote as many titles as possible, books editors tend to allow for reviews of two, three or even four books per page. Needless to say, there is very little space for the consideration of the book in relation to other books on the same subject, or in relation to other books in the field, or in relation to the author's own oeuvre."

Dingwalwa le Kwalakwatšo ya Tšona Dikgatišobakeng tša Afrika Borwa

Phaswane Mpe

Also available as: Literature and publicity in the South African Media

Betsy Lerner o tsopola James Purdy ge a re: "Most books come into the world with the fanfare of a stillborn." Bao ba sa kwešišego kgwebo ya dipuku ba ka tšea gore Purdy ga a kwele bangwadi bohloko, mola ba bile ba ka hwetša mantšu a gagwe a kgopiša. Bao e sego kgale ba thomile tša bongwadi, kudukudu baswa, ba ka no re kgane Purdy o duma go ba thibela go ngwala goba go tšwetša bokgoni bja bona pele. Bjalo ka ge Michael Legat a hlalosa, bontši bja rena re bala ka bangwadi ba go tuma bao ba šetšego ba thopile difoka tša maemo, goba bao ba godišwago ditšhelete tša go se balege le pele ga ge dingwalwa tša bona di thoma go rekwa, goba bao baemedi ba bona ba kgonago go ba rekišetša ditokelo tša go swana le ditokelo tša go dira difilimi goba go fetolela dingwalwa tša bona malemeng a mangwe - gomme ba gola go tlala seatla. Ka fase ga mabaka akhwi re fetša re nagana gore bangwadi ka kakaretšo ba tumile ba bile ba humile, gomme bongwadi ke tsela ya pela ya go fihliša motho mafulong a matala. Fela ge re ka theeletša Legat ka ditsebe tše pedi, le gona tšeo di ntšhitšwego mereunyane, re tla kwešiša gore hleng re iphora ge re nagana bjalo. Ge re e bea ka a mangwe mantšu, re tla kwešiša gore hleng Purdy a iteile kgomo lenaka gomme re swanetše go lota mantšu a gagwe dipelong tša rena. Mmoko wa taba ke gore le dinageng tšeo di gatšego pele bjako ka United States of America (USA) le United Kingdom (UK) - yeo Legat a ngwalago ka yona - moo dipuku di rekwago le go balwa la go šiiša, "[m]ost books come into the world with the fanfare of a stillborn."

Go na le mabaka a mantši ao a hlolago maemo akhwi a go se wiše pelo le gona a go se fe motho mafolofolo. Le lengwe la mabaka ao ke gore ngwaga ka ngwaga go gatišwa le go phatlalatšwa dingwalwa tše dintši kudu. Go no fa mohlala, go ya mafelelong a mengwaga ya bo 1990, UK e nnoši e be e phatlalatša dipuku tša go feta 100000. Le ge ke se na palo ya ka USA, ke tseba gabotse gore e feta ya ka UK go feta. Ge re lebelela dikgatišobaka - bjalo ke bolela ka dikuranta le di-magazine - ka nageng efe goba efe, ke tshepa gore re tla dumelelana gore di ka se kgone go re begela ka dipuku tše dintši tšekhwi ka tsela ya go wiša pelo. Gopola gape gore bangwadi ba dikgatišo-baka, ka go lemoga gore go bala ke lehumo, ba na le maikarabelo a go re begela le go re hlohleletša go reka le go bala dipuku tša go tšwela dinageng tše dingwe.

Namile tšea seswantšho seo ke se thadilego ka godimo o oketše ka taba ya gore bangwadi ga ba lekane, bangwe ba tumile go feta ba bangwe. Gore dikgatošobaka di kwalakatša mang neng go ya ka gore o mang, o tumile ka eng. Bangwadi ba go tuma, kudu bao ba thopago difoka tša matsaka go swana le Nobel Prize for Literature - re ka gopola ka mo-Afrika Borwa JM Coetzee, yoo a thopilego sefoka sekhwi ngwagola - ke bona gantši re bolelago ka bona ge re bolela ka dipuku; ba tloga ba bolelwa go feta bangwadi ba baswa bao ba thupilego sefoka se tee goba tse pedi. Go hlakantša le gore baswa bontši bja bona le sefoka se tee, sa go tuma goba sa go se tume, ba na ba se naso. Bangwadi ba bagolo ba tšea sekgoba seo se bego gona, mola le tšona dikgoba tša dipuku di šetše di sesefetše, di filwe tšeo boraditaba ba bonago di le bohlokwa go feta dipuku, bjalo ka ge ba go swana le Stephen Gray ba hlalosa.

Le ge Afrika Borwa e sa gatiše le go phatlalatša dipuku tše dintši go swana le USA le UK, nnete ke gore le dikgatišobaka ka mono, ge di bapetšwa le tša ka gona USA le UK, ga di nene ka palo. Le ge go le bjalo, go ya ka nna dihlotlo tšeo re tomolelanego le tšona maahlo ge re e tla go tutuetšeng batho go bala le go ngwala ka dipuku - ge re šetše re sa bale dipolotiki, ditlwaeding le mašeleng ge go e tla kgatišong le phatlalatšong ya dipuku - di a swana. Boraditaba ka setlwaedi ba re lemoša ka dipuku tše diswa ka di-book review. Le ge re amogela gore ka mono Afrika Borwa dipuku ga di hwetše sekgoba se se kaakang mola re thomilego mengwaga ya go ka ba e lesome ya tokologo, go no ba bohlokwa gore re hlompe le go reta bao ba sa ngwalago ka tšona. Ge ba ka se dire bjalo gona dipuku tše dintši di tla tšwela pele go fihla lefaseng ka legowa leo Purdy a šetšego a le hlalositše.

Le ge go le bjalo ke swanetše go no swaya mo le mola. E reng di sa tloga ke amogele gore mohlongwe ditshwao tša gona di ka no se be tše diswa goba tša go tsenelela. Ke tla thoma ka go tsopola mantšu a Stephen Gray ge a llela go šwalalanywa ga Southern African Review of Books: "the vehicle that I … needed in order to make my chipper stocktaking." Go ya ka Gray, kgatišobaka yekhwi e ile mabitleng le botswerere bja yona bja go sekaseka dipuku. Se se kweša bohloko, kudu go bao ba dumelelanago le Cyril Connolly ge a re: "[book reviewing] had always served to signal a healthy culture of critique and assessment" (bjalo ka ge a tsopotšwe ke Gray). Bao ba sa tsebego gore Gray o bolela ka eng, bao ba se ba kago ba bala Southern African Review of Books, ba ka no etela makgoba-puku a magolo a ka mono nageng moo ba ka hwetšago kgatišobaka yekhwi. Go sego bjalo ba ka no bala ye nngwe ya go swana le yona, bjalo ka New York Review of Books, yeo e phatlalatšago ditshekatsheko tše ditelele tša dipuku goba le go ngwala ka go tiiša letsogo ka bangwadi ba bohlokwa. Ditshekatsheko tša gona gantši ga di bolele ka dipuku goba bangwadi bakhwi feela. Aowa! Di tloga di tšwela pele go sekaseka bohlokwa bja puku ge e bapetšwa le dipuku tše dingwe tša mongwadi yoo goba tša bangwadi ka yena. Ge mosekaseki a ngwala ka meragelo ya go ngwala, goba ka dipolotiki, goba ka tše dingwe tše bohlokwa bophelong, mosekaseki o hlalosa gore puku goba mongwadi o nontšhitše tsebo le botswerere bja bangwadi ba bangwe ka ditsela dife. Mohlala wo mobotse ke tshekatsheko ya padi ya Günter Grass, Crabwalk. Ka tshekatshekong yeo JM Coetzee o bontšha ka moo Grass a okeditšego dingwalwa tša go bolela ka Ntwa ya Bobobedi ya Lefase; go feta moo re bona gabotse bogale bja Grass ge a nontšha dingwalwa tša Germany ka go ngwala ka ditaba tšekhwi tša go kgwatha dipelo tša batho, ditaba (kudu tša dikampeng tša Nazi) tšeo bangwadi ba bantši ba Germany ba sa kgonego goba ba tšhabago go tomolelana le tšona ka maahlong. Mokgwa woo Coetzee a hlalosago bothakga bja Crabwalk, le ka moo moanegwathwadi a swanago le Günter Grass ka gona, o dira gore tshekatsheko yekhwi e tloge e fahlolla mmadi ka go mmontšha ka moo bophelo bja motho bo nyalelanago le dingwalwa tša gagwe, tšeo motho a bego a ka no re kgane ke dinonwane, mola Coetzee a bile a nyalantšha bongwadi bja Grass le dingwalwa tša bangwadi ba bangwe ba Germany ka kakaretšo. Ge a lebelela dipadi tša Grass tša pele ga Crabwalk, kudu The Tin Drum, Coetzee o re thuša go kwešiša ka moo Grass a thušitšego go tumiša mongwalelo wola o bitšwago magic realism ka nageng ya gabo.

Megokgo ya Stephen Gray e rothela ditshekatsheko tša go swana le tša Coetzee, gomme ke dumelelana le yena gore ka nnete re lahlegetšwe. Fela go sa na le dikgatišo-baka tšeo di sa hlompago dipuku. Ke tla no bala tše mmalwanyana feela, tšeo ke di balago ka mehla: Mail & Guardian, Sunday Times, Sunday Independent le ThisDay. Ge motho a swere dikgang le ba bangwe ba barulaganyi ba disthekatsheko dikgatišo-bakeng tšekhwi o lemoga ka pela gore ba swere ka mo go fišago; gore ba kgone go phatlalatša ditshekatsheko tšekhwi ba ikhwetša ba gapeletšega go lwela sekgoba. Go fa mohlala, Alan Swerdlow wa SAfm o fela a anega ka moo a rwalago boima go no re lenaneo la gagwe, Book Shelf, le se ke la tlošwa moyeng. Mathata a go lwela sekgoba a ka hlalosa gore hleng diyalemoya tša go gaša ka maleme a se-Afrika, go no swana le Thobela FM, di se sa na mananeo a dipuku. Diyalemoya tšekhwi di ka no ba di hloka batho bao ratago dipuku moo e lego gore ba ka di lwela go fihlela ba kgaoga matsogo. Fela a re boneng gore moo ditshekatsheko tša dipuku di sa phelago di re fepa ka eng. Go bohlokwa go dira seo ka gore go re tšhuša go kwešiša gore di re tima eng.

Ka kakaretšo, ka gona go hloka sebaka seo se lekanego, ditshekatsheko tšekhwi gantši ga di re nweše meetse a mokgako. Ka kakaretšo gantši dipuku di fiwa letlakala le tee feela mo kgatišong-bakeng. Morulaganyi goba basekaseki ba dipuku ba ka dira eng ka letlakala le tee? Ka ge ba rata go ngwala ka dipuku tše dintši ka moo ba ka kgonago, barulaganyi ba ikhwetša ba gapeletšega go gatiša ditshekatsheko tša dipuku tše pedi, tše tharo goba tše nne letlakaleng le tee. Ka fase ga mabaka a mabjalo go kgakala gore ga go na sebaka sa go lekola gore puku ye nngwe le ye nngwe e bapetša bjang le tše dingwe tša go bolela ka taba ye tee, goba go sekaseka gore e bapetša bjang le tše dingwe tša go lekola lefapa le tee, goba go nyakolla gore e bapetša bjang le dipuku tše dingwe tša mongwadi yoo. Le gona, go no swana le ka go Afrika Borwa ye ntshwa, ga go na sekgoba sa go ahlaahla seemo sa bongwadi, gore se bjang mola re thomago ka pušo ye ntshwa ya tokolo. Mola re lobile go se lekane le selo, go hloka sekgoba go dira gore le ge re badile tshekatsheko o hwetše le puku yeo e sekasekwago re sa tsebe go wiša pelo ka yona, re sa tsebe gore gabotsebotse re ye go e reka goba aowa naa. Dintlha tšekhwi ke tla di lebelediša gape moragonyana.

Dikgatišobaka tše dingwe, go no swana le Sunday Times, di leka go phefa dihlotlo tšekhwi ka bo re fa ditshekatsheko gammogo le bangwadi ge ba e fa la bošuwana ka dipuku tše dingwe. Taba ya gona ke a e thabela. Fela re gapeletšega go ipotšiša gore bangwadi ge ba ngwala ka dipuku tšeo ba di ratago le tšeo ba sa di ratego ba ka re botša eng ka mantšu a 250 feela. ThisDay yona e na le sekgoba seo go sona bangwadi ba thalathalago ka ditiragalo tša bophelo tšeo ba bonago go le bohlokwa gore re šile marapo a hlogo ka tšona. Nako ye nngwe ba ka no kgetha kgang ya letšatši goba ya go tuma gomme ba re fa gore bona ba e bona bjang. Ka mantšu a 750 feela, go sa le kgakala gore ga ba na sebaka seo se lekanego seo ka sona ba ka tiišago ka ganong gomme ba thuša marapo a rena a hlogo go šila ka go tsenelela.

Ka nako dikgatišobaka tšeo ke šetšego ke di badile di phatlalatša di-feature goba author profiles. (Ga ke rate di-author profile; gantši ga di re botše selo mabapi le tema ya go kgathwa ke mongwadi mo go oketšeng dikgopolo tša rena goba go thuša go nontšha botswerere mo bongwading.) Go gatiša le go phatlalatša di-feature le di-profile go sepelelana le mabaka a mantši. Go no fa mohlala, e ka no ba gore mongwadi wa go tuma o na le puku ye ntshwa yeo e sa tšwelago go phatlalatšwa, goba yeo e bego kgauswi le go phatlalatšwa. Goba mongwadi yo mongwe a ka ba a sa tšwela go thopa sefoka sa go hlomphega. Goba, go no swana le ka Sunday Times, o ka hwetša e le nako ya go tsebiša bao ba beabeanego go Sunday Times Literary Awards. Mohlomongwe puku ye ntshwa, ka mongwadi wa go tsebega goba wa go se tsebege, e ka re tsoša borokong ka dikgang tša go šiiša goba dikgopolo tša go se tlwaelege. Bjalo ka ge ke šetše ke boletše, mabaka ona ke a mantši; nka se a bale ka a fetša. Le ge go le bjalo, ditshekatsheko tša dipuku ka kakaretšo di a rena matlakaleng a dikgatišobaka tša borena. Ge re ka lahlela maahlo go Mail & Guardian Online re ka kwešiša gore ke bolela ka eng. Seemo sa ditaba go fihla ga bjalo mola ngwaga wa 2004 o thomago, go ya ka Mail & Guardian Online ka Mošupologo wa di 20 September, ke se: New Reads: 3; Authors' Notes: 9; Reviews: 25; Features: 9. (E reng ke hlalose ka pela gore di-feature tše dintši mokhwi ke di-review.)

Bjalo ka ge ke šetse ke hlalositše - go no boela go dintlha tšela ka go re ke tla di boela - di-review ga di re fe ka moo go wišago pelo ka lebaka la sekgoba1; ga ke dumelane le Stephen Gray ge a re ga re sa na basekaseki ba go dira mošomo ka mokgwa wa go wiša pelo. Ge seemo sa ditaba se le ka tsela yekhwi, ke šišinya gore re lebelele di-feature ka leihlo la bogale go bona gore tšona di ka re fa eng. (Ke realo ke lebeletše gore gantši di-feature di hwetša sekgoba sa go feta di-review.) Go ya ka nna di-feature tša go swana le di-review thwi di ka no se mokgwa wo mokaone ya go šomiša sekgoba le nako tšela di se bego gona. Go fa mohlala, re ka lekola feature yekhwi: "Writing about the Inevitable", ka go Mail & Guardian. Yekhwi ke tshekatsheko ya dikanegelokopana tša Sezulu tša Dumisani Sibiya. Ke ikhweditše ke e na le maikutlo a go thulana ge ke bala tshekatsheko yekhwi. Pelo ye nngwe e be e thabetše gore puku ya go ngwalwa ka le lengwe la maleme ao gantši a gatelelwago ge re e tla dingwalweng, le gona sa ngwalwa ke moswa, se hweditše sekgoba kgatišong ya go hlompega. Fela pelo ye nngwe e be e bona gabotse gore tshekatsheko ga e šomiše sebaka sekhwi go tsebiša mmadi gore sengwalwa sekhwi sa Sibiya se bapetša bjang le dingwalwa tše dingwe tša Sezulu, kudu tša go thalathalwa ke baswa. Ge mongwadi wa tshekatsheko a sa re botše, gona e re nkabe a kgopele Sibiya go lahlela la bošuwana. Le ge go dira bjalo go be go tla nyaka sekgoba se segolo, ke nagana gore morulaganyi le yena nkabe a dirile gore sekgoba sa gona se be gona. Mokgwa wa go ngwala ka dingwalwa tša maleme a gaborena ka dikgatišong tša Sekgowa ga se wa ata, ka gona ge o direga ke taba ye botse ya go se tlwaelege, taba yeo e ka dirago gore morulaganyi a fe sekgoba sa go feta ka moo rena babadi re tlwaetšego.

Ke sekasekile feature yekhwi ya Sibiya ka e bapetša le ka moo Shaun de Waal a ngwadilego feature ka kgagano gare ga Suresh Roberts le Nadine Gordimer. Ka ge kgang ya gona e sa le ye ntshwa, mola e bile ke se na sekgoba, nka se tsenelele ka kgoganong ya bona. Tabakgolo e no ba gore Roberts o be a ngwadile ka tša bophelo bja Gordimer. Ge nako ya gore Gordimer a fe tumelelo ya gore Suresh a gatiše le go phatlalatša puku, Gordimer a ba a gana, a re go na le mašaedi ao Roberts a a dirilego. Roberts yena ge a e fa la gagwe a re Gordimer o nyaka go mo gatelela. Ka mokgwa wo De Waal a balago kgagano yekhwi go wiša pelo, o dirile mošomo wo mobotse kudu. De Waal o re go sekaseka kgagano yekhwi a tsoša maahlo, a tsitsinkela taba ya go re gabotse bongwadi le maatla goba tšhomišo ya ona di nyalelana bjang. De Waal o re bontšha gabotse gore kgagano yekhwi ga se taba ya Roberts le Gordimer feela - dibapadi tšeo go bonalago o ka re di bile di nyaka go ba bomalokwane papading ya bona; ke taba ya setswalle gare ga bongwadi, ka moo maphelo a batho a bolelwago ka gona, phatlalatšo ya dipuku gammogo le tšhomišo ya maatla. Le ge De Waal a sa re fepe ka mehlala ya bangwadi ba bangwe bao ba ilego ba ikhwetša ba le seemong sa go swana le sa Roberts le Gordimeer, mmadi ge a fetša go bala feature yekhwi o tla ba a kwešiša gore mang a ka loba goba o boelwa ke eng ge seemo se le bjalo, le gore bao ba ka bapalago thaloko ya mohuta wokhwi - ya go ngwala ka batho le go saena gore ge ba ngwadile ka wena o tla ba fa tumelelo ya go gatiša le go phatlalatša sengwalwa - ka moso ba ka ikhwetša ba le kae. Feature ya De Waal ke mohlala wo mobotse wa seo ke naganago gore feature e swanetše go ba sona.

Le ge e ahlaahla mongwadi o tee goba mošomo goba mešomo ya gagwe, bjalo ka moo Coetzee a ahlaahlago Günter Grass, ke nagana gore feature e swanetše e lekole dintlha tše dingwe tšeo di ka no nyalelanago goba tša amana ka mokgwa goba mekgwa ye mengwe le mošomo goba mešomo yeo ya mongwadi. Sa bobedi, ke šišinya gore re fele re gopola go ngwala di-feature ka di-theme, di-topic goba di-genre (bjalo ka ya De Waal), goba ka dikarolo tša histori, goba literary movements, goba ka maleme, goba ka tša se merafe, bjalo le bjalo. Go no fa mohlala, yena De Waal ka nama o ile a ngwala feature ka bo 1999 goba 2000, yeo go yona a bego a lla ka gore go tloga ka bo 1994 ga se go bonale bangwadi ba baswa ba bathobaso ba bantši bjalo ka ge re be re letetše. Go ka ba bjang ge De Waal a ka ngwala feature ye nngwe yeo go yona a lekolago seemo sa ditaba go fihla ga bjalo? A ga go na tema yeo a e bonago le ga bjalo? Ge e le gore e gona, ke ye kaakang, le gona ke tema ya mohuta mang? Bangwadi ba baswa ka kakaretšo bona? Goba motho - ga se morwalo wa Shaun de Waal feela - a ka sekaseka gore dikgopolo tše diswa di kae, goba gore tša kgale di lekolwa bjang ka leswa, goba ke meragelo e efe ye meswa ya go ngwala yeo e rotogilego, goba gore meragelo ya kgale e šomišwa bjang mo dingwalweng tšeo di phatlaladitšwego mengwageng ye lesome ya tokologo. Ge motho a ngwala ka difoka, go ka ba kaone ge a ka se no re tsebiša feela gore puku efe e thopile sefoka sefe; go a swanela gore re kwe gore mothopasefoka o bapetšwa bjang le bathopadifoka ba go feta ba difoka tšeo.

Yekhwi e no ba ye dingwe ya mehlala ya gore re ka beakanya di-feature tša rena bjang. Ge re ka nagana ka go naba, barulaganyi le bao ba ba ngwalelago ba ka re fa, re le babadi, ka go tsenelela ka dipuku tše diswa, ka meragelo ye meswa ya go ngwala, ka gore re a gola goba aowa naa mabapi le dikgopolo tšeo re di hlagišago, bjalo le bjalo. Ka go dira bjalo ke holofela gore bangwadi ba baswa ba tla boelwa ga makgolokgolo ka ge le bona dipuku tša bona di tla lebelelwa gomme setšhaba, goba lefase ka bophara le tla tseba ka bona. Le ge e le gore "[m]ost books [will still] come into the world with the fanfare of a stillborn," ke tshepa gore go ka kotula bangwadi ba bantšinyana ge re ka latela dintlha tšekhwi goba tše dingwe tša go iša go tšona.



1 Go molaleng gore go nyakega sekgoba sa go bonala go ahlaahla dipuku. Go ka tloga go kgahliša ge go ka ba le kgatišobakathwi ya mohuta wa Southern African Review of Books le kgatišobaka ya go lebelelana le kgwebo ya dipuku, bjalo ka The Bookseller ya UK.

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LitNet: 12 November 2004

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